Detection of molecular hydrogen in a neutron beam lifetime experiment

TL;DR

This study investigates how molecular hydrogen interactions could influence neutron lifetime measurements in beam experiments, demonstrating charge exchange processes and assessing their impact on experimental accuracy.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed analysis of molecular hydrogen effects on proton trapping in neutron lifetime experiments, including detection efficiency and potential systematic errors.

Findings

Charge exchange with molecular hydrogen occurs in proton traps.

Detection efficiency of molecular hydrogen ions is quantified.

Impact on neutron lifetime measurements at NIST is minimal.

Abstract

One method of determining the free neutron lifetime involves the absolute counting of neutrons and trapped decay protons. In such experiments, a cold neutron beam traverses a segmented proton trap inside a superconducting solenoid while the neutron flux is continuously monitored. Protons that are born within the fiducial volume of the trap are confined radially by the magnetic field and axially by the electrostatic potential supplied by trap electrodes. They are periodically released and counted, and the ratio of the absolute number of neutrons to protons is proportional to the neutron lifetime. Systematic error can be introduced if protons in the trap are lost, gained, or misidentified. The influence of molecular hydrogen interactions is of particular interest because of its ubiquitous presence in ultrahigh vacuum systems. To understand how it could affect the neutron lifetime, measurements were performed on the production and detection of molecular hydrogen in an apparatus used to measure the neutron lifetime. We demonstrate that charge exchange with molecular hydrogen can occur with trapped protons, and we determine the efficiency with which the molecular hydrogen ions in the trap are detected. Finally, we comment on the potential impact on a neutron lifetime experiment using this beam technique. We find that the result of the beam neutron lifetime performed at NIST is unlikely to have been significantly affected by charge exchange with molecular hydrogen.