Phase-based analysis and control of low Reynolds number aeroelastic flows

TL;DR

This paper investigates phase-dependent mechanisms behind flutter in low Reynolds number aeroelastic flows and develops a phase-based control strategy to suppress instability using transient motions.

Contribution

It uncovers phase-localized flutter mechanisms and introduces a novel phase-based control method for aeroelastic stability at low Reynolds numbers.

Findings

Phase lock-on causes flutter in low Reynolds number flows.

Targeted impulsive stiffness perturbations can trigger or suppress flutter.

Phase-based control effectively stabilizes the airfoil by disrupting mode synchronization.

Abstract

Flutter in lightweight airfoils under unsteady flows presents a critical challenge in aeroelastic stability and control. This study uncovers phase-localized mechanisms that drive the onset and suppression of flutter in a freely pitching airfoil at low Reynolds number. By introducing targeted impulsive stiffness perturbations, we identify critical phases that trigger instability. Using phase-sensitivity functions, energy-transfer metrics, and dynamic mode decomposition, we show that flutter arises from phase lock-on between structural and fluid modes. Leveraging this insight, we design an energy-optimal, phase-based control strategy that applies transient heaving motions to disrupt synchronization and arrest unstable growth. This minimal, time-localized control suppresses subharmonic amplification and restores stable periodic motion.