Weak localization as probe of spin-orbit-induced spin-split bands in bilayer graphene proximity coupled to WSe$_2$

TL;DR

This study demonstrates how proximity coupling bilayer graphene with WSe$_2$ induces tunable spin-orbit effects, enabling control over spin-split bands and revealing potential for spintronic applications.

Contribution

The paper provides experimental evidence of proximity-induced spin-split bands in bilayer graphene coupled with WSe$_2$, highlighting the tunability and spectroscopic characterization of SOC effects.

Findings

Observation of a proximity-induced SOC gap in BLG/WSe$_2$ devices.

Transition from weak anti-localization to weak localization at lower hole densities.

Evidence of transport through a single spin-split valence band.

Abstract

Proximity coupling of bilayer graphene (BLG) to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offers a promising route to engineer gate-tunable spin-orbit coupling (SOC) while preserving BLG's exceptional electronic properties. This tunability arises from the layer-asymmetric electronic structure of gapped BLG, where SOC acts predominantly on the layer in contact with the TMD. Here, we present high-quality BLG/WSe$_2$ devices with a proximity-induced SOC gap and excellent electrostatic control. Operating in a quasi-ballistic regime, our double-gated heterostructures allow to form gate-defined p-n-p cavities and show clear weak anti-localization (WAL) features consistent with Rashba-type SOC. At lower hole densities, a transition to weak localization (WL) is observed, signaling transport through a single spin-split valence band. These findings - in agreement with calculations - provide direct spectroscopic evidence of proximity-induced spin-split band in BLG and underscore the potential of BLG/TMD heterostructures for spintronics and spin-based quantum technologies.