Isospin-violating vacuum polarization in the muon $(g-2)$ with SU(3) flavour symmetry from lattice QCD

TL;DR

This paper calculates the isospin-violating contribution to the muon g-2 from lattice QCD at a symmetric point, using coordinate-space evaluation of diagrams with internal photons and a regulated propagator, with implications for physical masses.

Contribution

It introduces a lattice QCD approach to compute isospin-violating vacuum polarization effects in muon g-2, including a novel treatment of photon diagrams and counterterm calibration.

Findings

Computed isospin-violating HVP contribution at SU(3) symmetric point.

Compared electromagnetic contribution to phenomenological estimates.

Found extension to physical masses promising.

Abstract

We compute the isospin-violating part $a_\mu^{\text{HVP}, 38}$ of the hadronic-vacuum-polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon $(g-2)$ in lattice QCD at the SU$(3)_{\rm f}$-symmetric point where $M_\pi=M_K\simeq 416$ MeV. All diagrams involving internal photons are evaluated in coordinate space, employing a Pauli-Villars-regulated photon propagator with a cutoff scale $\Lambda$ well below the lattice cutoff. The counterterm $(m_u-m_d)$, whose $\Lambda$ dependence is consistent with the expected logarithmic behaviour, is calibrated using the experimental kaon mass splitting as input. The bare electromagnetic contribution at fixed $\Lambda$ is compared to a phenomenological estimate based on the kaon-loop and pseudoscalar-pole contributions to the forward light-by-light amplitude. An extension of these calculations to physical pion and kaon masses appears promising.