A Start To End Machine Learning Approach To Maximize Scientific Throughput From The LCLS-II-HE

TL;DR

This paper proposes a comprehensive machine learning framework to optimize and automate the entire data acquisition and analysis pipeline at LCLS-II-HE, enabling efficient scientific throughput amidst increasing experimental complexity.

Contribution

It introduces an end-to-end machine learning approach for real-time optimization and knowledge extraction across the LCLS-II-HE facility, enhancing data quality and scientific insights.

Findings

Machine learning-driven optimization improves experimental stability.

Real-time data processing accelerates insight generation.

Automation reduces manual intervention in complex experiments.

Abstract

With the increasing brightness of Light sources, including the Diffraction-Limited brightness upgrade of APS and the high-repetition-rate upgrade of LCLS, the proposed experiments therein are becoming increasingly complex. For instance, experiments at LCLS-II-HE will require the X-ray beam to be within a fraction of a micron in diameter, with pointing stability of a few nanoradians, at the end of a kilometer-long electron accelerator, a hundred-meter-long undulator section, and tens of meters long X-ray optics. This enhancement of brightness will increase the data production rate to rival the largest data generators in the world. Without real-time active feedback control and an optimized pipeline to transform measurements to scientific information and insights, researchers will drown in a deluge of mostly useless data, and fail to extract the highly sophisticated insights that the recent brightness upgrades promise. In this article, we outline the strategy we are developing at SLAC to implement Machine Learning driven optimization, automation and real-time knowledge extraction from the electron-injector at the start of the electron accelerator, to the multidimensional X-ray optical systems, and till the experimental endstations and the high readout rate, multi-megapixel detectors at LCLS to deliver the design performance to the users. This is illustrated via examples from Accelerator, Optics and End User applications.