Measurements $\mathit{with}$ probabilities in the final state proposal

TL;DR

This paper addresses issues in the black hole final state proposal by identifying a loophole through entanglement wedge reconstruction and replica wormholes, clarifying the physical interior involved in AMPS experiments.

Contribution

It reveals a key oversight in previous analyses by correctly identifying the physical interior, resolving acausal effects and probability ambiguities in the black hole final state proposal.

Findings

Loophole in BS analysis identified using entanglement wedge reconstruction

Misidentification of the physical interior causes previous problems

Correct identification resolves acausal effects in the proposal

Abstract

Bousso and Stanford (BS) argued that the black hole final state proposal leads to acausal effects and ill-defined probabilities for the AMPS experiment. We identify a loophole in their analysis using insights from entanglement wedge reconstruction and replica wormholes. We trace the cause of the BS problems to the misidentification of the physical interior where the second AMPS measurement happens from among the multiple interiors introduced by the first measurement.