Neutrinos from Primordial Black Holes in Theories with Extra Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper suggests that five-dimensional primordial black holes could explain high-energy neutrinos detected by IceCube, by their Hawking evaporation, while avoiding existing observational constraints.

Contribution

It introduces a novel interpretation linking 5D primordial black holes' Hawking evaporation to observed neutrino events, expanding the understanding of extra-dimensional black hole physics.

Findings

Hawking evaporation of 5D PBHs can produce neutrinos consistent with IceCube data.

This scenario evades constraints from gamma-ray flux and dark matter decay limits.

The model aligns with the dark dimension scenario's quantum gravity scale.

Abstract

The quantum gravity scale within the dark dimension scenario ($M_* \sim 10^{9}~{\rm GeV}$) roughly coincides with the energy scale of the KM3-230213A neutrino ($E_\nu \sim 10^{8}~{\rm GeV}$). We propose an interpretation for this intriguing coincidence in terms of Hawking evaporation of five-dimensional (5D) primordial black holes (PBHs). 5D PBHs are bigger, colder, and longer-lived than 4D PBHs of the same mass. For brane observers, PBHs residing in the higher-dimensional bulk decay essentially invisibly (only through gravitationally and sterile coupled modes). As a consequence, constraints on the density of PBHs relative to that of dark matter from null searches of Hawking evaporation can be avoided. We demonstrate that Hawking evaporation of 5D bulk PBHs can explain the KM3-230213A neutrino, evade constraints from upper limits on the gamma-ray flux, and remain consistent with IceCube upper limits on the partial decay width of superheavy dark matter particles into neutrinos.