Designing Fault-Tolerant Blind Quantum Computation

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable fault-tolerant blind quantum computing architecture that leverages hybrid light-matter systems to improve efficiency, error thresholds, and implementation prospects on current quantum hardware.

Contribution

It introduces a novel hybrid light-matter approach for fault-tolerant blind quantum computation, enhancing scalability and error correction capabilities.

Findings

Improved error-correction threshold for blind quantum algorithms

Enhanced speed and depth of blind logical circuits

Feasible implementation on neutral atom arrays and solid-state spins

Abstract

Blind quantum computing (BQC) is a computational paradigm that allows a client with limited quantum capabilities to delegate quantum computations to a more powerful server while keeping both the algorithm and data hidden. However, in practice, existing BQC protocols face significant challenges when scaling to large-scale computations due to photon losses, low efficiencies, and high overheads associated with fault-tolerant operations, requiring the client to compile both logical operations and error correction primitives. We use a recently demonstrated hybrid light-matter approach [PRL 132, 150604 (2024); Science 388, 509-513 (2025)] to develop an architecture for scalable fault-tolerant blind quantum computation. By combining high-fidelity local gates on the server's matter qubits with delegated blind rotations using photons, we construct loss-tolerant delegated gates that enable efficient algorithm compilation strategies and a scalable approach for fault-tolerant blind logical algorithms. Our approach improves the error-correction threshold and increases the speed and depth of blind logical circuits. Finally, we outline how this architecture can be implemented on state-of-the-art quantum hardware, including neutral atom arrays and solid-state spin defects. These new capabilities open up new opportunities for deep circuit blind quantum computing.