WiCAL: Accurate Wi-Fi-Based 3D Localization Enabled by Collaborative Antenna Arrays
Fuhai Wang, Zhe Li, Rujing Xiong, Tiebin Mi, Robert Caiming Qiu

TL;DR
This paper introduces WiCAL, a Wi-Fi-based 3D localization system using cooperative antenna arrays that leverage commercial infrastructure and advanced synchronization to achieve high accuracy without costly hardware.
Contribution
WiCAL demonstrates a novel cooperative antenna array approach with synchronization and phase alignment techniques for accurate 3D Wi-Fi localization using standard hardware.
Findings
Achieves high-precision 3D localization with commercial Wi-Fi hardware.
Employs a three-stage phase alignment scheme for signal synchronization.
Utilizes a distributed array system to enhance spatial resolution.
Abstract
Accurate 3D localization is essential for realizing advanced sensing functionalities in next-generation Wi-Fi communication systems. This study investigates the potential of multistatic localization in Wi-Fi networks through the deployment of multiple cooperative antenna arrays. The collaborative gain offered by these arrays is twofold: (i) intra-array coherent gain at the wavelength scale among antenna elements, and (ii) inter-array cooperative gain across arrays. To evaluate the feasibility and performance of this approach, we develop WiCAL (Wi-Fi Collaborative Antenna Localization), a system built upon commercial Wi-Fi infrastructure equipped with uniform rectangular arrays. These arrays are driven by multiplexing embedded radio frequency chains available in standard access points or user devices, thereby eliminating the need for sophisticated, costly, and power-hungry…
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Taxonomy
TopicsIndoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies · Speech and Audio Processing · Antenna Design and Analysis
