The mantle-inner core gravitational mode of oscillation in a strong magnetic field regime

TL;DR

This study examines how magnetic fields and Alfvén waves influence the mantle-inner core gravitational mode, revealing that strong magnetic fields cause the mode to merge with torsional oscillations, affecting Earth's rotational signals.

Contribution

It demonstrates that in Earth's core, Alfvén waves can suppress the MICG mode, linking magnetic field strength to core oscillation behavior and Earth's rotational variations.

Findings

MICG mode persists only with attenuated Alfvén waves.

Strong magnetic fields cause MICG to merge with torsional modes.

Observed 6-year length-of-day variations are due to torsional oscillations, not MICG.

Abstract

The mantle-inner core gravitational (MICG) mode is the free mode axial oscillation between the mantle and inner core sustained by the gravitational torque between their degree 2 order 2 density structures. Here, we investigate how the MICG mode is affected by oscillations of cylindrical surfaces in the fluid outer core in the form of Alfv\'en waves. The latter are triggered by oscillations of the tangent cylinder (TC) moving jointly with the inner core and propagate away from the rotation axis. We show that the MICG mode remains a distinct normal mode of oscillation of the core-mantle system only when the triggered Alfv\'en waves are attenuated before they traverse the width of the fluid core. For an internal magnetic field strength of a few mT, as we expect in Earth's core, Alfv\'en waves can readily traverse the width of the core, and the MICG mode is absorbed into the spectrum of torsional oscillation (TO) modes. The MICG period retains a dynamical influence, acting as a point of resonance for TO modes, and marking the transition from a TO mode in which the motion of the TC (including the inner core) is weakly impacted by gravitational coupling to one in which the oscillating motion of the TC is strongly restricted. Our results imply that the observed 6-year periodic signal in the length of day cannot be interpreted as the signature of the MICG mode and must instead be caused by TO modes, or more generally, by the propagation of Alfv\'en waves.