Portraits of Charmoniumlike States
Qingyang Liu, Xiangyu Jiang, Ying Chen, Chunjiang Shi, Wei Sun

TL;DR
This paper presents the first gauge-invariant, model-independent three-dimensional visualizations of charmonium and charmonium-like states using lattice QCD, revealing differences from traditional models and providing new insights into their internal structures.
Contribution
It introduces a novel lattice QCD approach to produce gauge-invariant, three-dimensional portraits of charmonium-like states, highlighting differences from non-relativistic quark models.
Findings
Conventional charmonia show expected two-body angular distributions.
Charmonium-like states exhibit distinct spatial and angular features, such as S-wave characteristics.
Radial distributions differ significantly from non-relativistic quark model predictions.
Abstract
The charm quark density-density correlation is calculated for and conventional charmonia and charmoniumlike states from lattice QCD and are interpreted as spatial wave functions of these states with some approximations. The angular distributions of in conventional charmonia are found to be in accordance with the expectation of two-body systems, while that of the state exhibits an -wave feature. However, the radial distributions turn out to be strikingly different from the non-relativistic quark model and can be understood by the Dirac theory of two-body bound states. These results provide the first gauge invariant and model-independent three-dimensional portraits of charmonium(like) states.
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Taxonomy
TopicsQuantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions · Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism · High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
