Scalarization and superradiant instability of black hole induced by dark matter halo in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores how dark matter halos around black holes can induce scalar hair and superradiant instabilities within scalar-tensor gravity theories, revealing parameter-dependent effects on these phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates the occurrence of scalarization and superradiant instability in black holes with dark matter halos, analyzing the influence of halo size, mass, and coupling constants.

Findings

Scalarization occurs in certain parameter regions.

Superradiant instability depends on halo properties.

Large halos show stronger dependence on coupling constants.

Abstract

We investigate whether a black hole(BH) surrounded by a dark matter (DM) halo has scalar hair/superradiant instability in the scalar tensor theory of gravity. In the scalar tensor theory, the coupling of matter and the scalar field creates effective mass, this effective mass causes the hairless BH to have scalar hair (spontaneous Scalarization). In the case of rotating BHs, it is also known that if the sign of the effective mass is positive, superradiant instability can occur instead of scalarization. Our study applies this effect to BHs with dark matter haloes. As a result, we confirmed that scalarization and superradiant instability occur in some of the parameter regions. In the case of small haloes, the size and mass of the halo affect the strength of scalarization, but not for astronomically large haloes, where the dependence on the coupling constant $\alpha$ is stronger. In the case of superradiance, we also confirm that for small haloes, the size and mass of the halo affect the strength of the instability and the number of unstable modes.