MSD-LLM: Predicting Ship Detention in Port State Control Inspections with Large Language Model

TL;DR

This paper introduces MSD-LLM, a novel large language model-based approach for predicting ship detention during port inspections, significantly improving accuracy over traditional methods by effectively handling imbalanced data and extracting meaningful features.

Contribution

The paper presents a new LLM-based framework with a dual subspace recovery autoencoder and feature ranking for improved ship detention prediction in maritime safety inspections.

Findings

MSD-LLM outperforms existing methods by over 12% in AUC.

The approach demonstrates robustness to real-world data challenges.

Effective handling of imbalanced data improves prediction accuracy.

Abstract

Maritime transportation is the backbone of global trade, making ship inspection essential for ensuring maritime safety and environmental protection. Port State Control (PSC), conducted by national ports, enforces compliance with safety regulations, with ship detention being the most severe consequence, impacting both ship schedules and company reputations. Traditional machine learning methods for ship detention prediction are limited by the capacity of representation learning and thus suffer from low accuracy. Meanwhile, autoencoder-based deep learning approaches face challenges due to the severe data imbalance in learning historical PSC detention records. To address these limitations, we propose Maritime Ship Detention with Large Language Models (MSD-LLM), integrating a dual robust subspace recovery (DSR) layer-based autoencoder with a progressive learning pipeline to handle imbalanced data and extract meaningful PSC representations. Then, a large language model groups and ranks features to identify likely detention cases, enabling dynamic thresholding for flexible detention predictions. Extensive evaluations on 31,707 PSC inspection records from the Asia-Pacific region show that MSD-LLM outperforms state-of-the-art methods more than 12\% on Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Singapore ports. Additionally, it demonstrates robustness to real-world challenges, making it adaptable to diverse maritime risk assessment scenarios.