Asymptotic numerical hypocoercivity of the space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for the Kolmogorov equation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a standard space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for the Kolmogorov equation exhibits hypocoercivity at the discrete level, ensuring asymptotic stability and dissipation propagation in a novel, rigorous way.

Contribution

It proves the first discrete hypocoercivity result for a standard Galerkin scheme applied to the Kolmogorov equation, using a novel norm-based stability analysis.

Findings

Establishes discrete hypocoercivity for the Galerkin method

Shows inf-sup stability in a norm involving the full gradient

Demonstrates asymptotic dissipation propagation in the numerical scheme

Abstract

We are concerned with discretisations of the classical Kolmogorov equation by a standard space-time discontinuous Galerkin method. {The} Kolmogorov equation serves as simple, yet rich enough in the present context, model problem for a wide range of kinetic-type equations: although it involves diffusion in one of the two spatial dimensions only, the combined nature of the first order transport/drift term and the degenerate diffusion are sufficient to `propagate dissipation' across the spatial domain in its entirety. This is a manifestation of the celebrated concept of hypocoercivity, a term coined and studied extensively by Villani in \cite{villani}. We show that the {classical} space-time discontinuous Galerkin method {admits} a corresponding hypocoercivity property at the discrete level, asymptotically for large times. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result of this kind for any standard Galerkin scheme. This property is shown by proving one part of a discrete inf-sup-type stability result for the method in a family of norms dictated by a modified scalar product motivated by the theory in \cite{villani}. This family of norms contains the full gradient of the numerical solution, thereby allowing for a full spectral gap/Poincar\'e-type inequality at the discrete level, thus, showcasing a subtle, discretisation-parameter-dependent, numerical hypocoercivity property. Further, we show that the space-time discontinuous Galerkin method is inf-sup stable in the family of norms containing the full gradient of the numerical solution, which may be a result of independent interest.