Grand Theft Moons. Formation of habitable moons around giant planets
Zoltan Dencs, Vera Dobos, Zsolt Regaly

TL;DR
This study models the formation and habitability potential of moons around giant exoplanets, revealing that a significant fraction could be habitable within the circumstellar habitable zone, especially around planets closer to their star.
Contribution
It introduces a numerical simulation framework to assess moon formation and habitability around giant planets in the final stages of planetary system assembly.
Findings
32% of synthetic moons could be habitable within the circumstellar habitable zone.
Habitability incidence is similar at 2 au due to tidal heating effects.
Moons are more massive when their host planets are closer to the star.
Abstract
Of the few thousand discovered exoplanets, a significant number orbit in the habitable zone of their star. Many of them are gas giants lacking a rocky surface and solid water reservoirs necessary for life as we know it. The search for habitable environments may extend to the moons of these giant planets. No confirmed exomoon discoveries have been made as of today, but promising candidates are known. Theories suggest that moon formation is a natural process in planetary systems. We aim to study moon formation around giant planets in a phase similar to the final assembly of planet formation. We search for conditions for forming the largest moons with the highest possibility in circumplanetary disks, and investigate whether the resulting moons can be habitable. We determined the fraction of the circumplanetary disk's mass converted into moons using numerical N-body simulations where moon…
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