Code Graph Model (CGM): A Graph-Integrated Large Language Model for Repository-Level Software Engineering Tasks

TL;DR

This paper introduces Code Graph Models (CGMs), which integrate code structure into open-source LLMs to improve repository-level software engineering tasks, achieving state-of-the-art results without proprietary agents.

Contribution

The paper presents CGMs that incorporate repository code graphs into open-source LLMs, enabling effective repository-level task handling without agent-based systems.

Findings

Achieved 43.00% resolution rate on SWE-bench Lite.

Ranked first among open weight models.

Surpassed previous open-source methods by 12.33%.

Abstract

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in function-level code generation, yet repository-level software engineering tasks remain challenging. Current solutions predominantly rely on proprietary LLM agents, which introduce unpredictability and limit accessibility, raising concerns about data privacy and model customization. This paper investigates whether open-source LLMs can effectively address repository-level tasks without requiring agent-based approaches. We demonstrate this is possible by enabling LLMs to comprehend functions and files within codebases through their semantic information and structural dependencies. To this end, we introduce Code Graph Models (CGMs), which integrate repository code graph structures into the LLM's attention mechanism and map node attributes to the LLM's input space using a specialized adapter. When combined with an agentless graph RAG framework, our approach achieves a 43.00% resolution rate on the SWE-bench Lite benchmark using the open-source Qwen2.5-72B model. This performance ranks first among open weight models, second among methods with open-source systems, and eighth overall, surpassing the previous best open-source model-based method by 12.33%.