Rescuing 331 bileptons from the Landau pole

TL;DR

This paper investigates the Landau pole problem in minimal 331 models predicting bileptons and explores extensions to push the pole to higher energies, ensuring reliable TeV-scale predictions for bileptons at the LHC.

Contribution

It proposes extensions to minimal 331 models to raise the Landau pole, improving the models' validity for TeV-scale bilepton predictions.

Findings

Extended models can shift the Landau pole to higher energies.

Minimal 331 models face a low-energy Landau pole issue.

Extensions potentially stabilize bilepton predictions at TeV scales.

Abstract

Among the particles being searched for at the LHC beyond the Standard Model are bileptons, which are doubly charged gauge bosons. Bileptons are predicted by several Standard Model extensions, including the so-called 331 models with $\beta = \sqrt 3$. The minimal formulation of these models is generally plagued by a "low energy" Landau pole, which can undermine current predictions for TeV-scale bileptons. We analyze this issue and investigate the possibility to shift the Landau pole at higher energy scales by extending the troublesome minimal 331 models.