IA-T2I: Internet-Augmented Text-to-Image Generation

TL;DR

This paper introduces IA-T2I, a framework that enhances text-to-image generation by incorporating internet-sourced reference images and self-reflection to better handle uncertain knowledge in prompts.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel internet-augmented T2I framework with active retrieval, hierarchical image selection, and self-reflection mechanisms for improved uncertain knowledge handling.

Findings

Outperforms GPT-4o by about 30% in human evaluation.

Effectively handles uncertain, rare, unknown, and ambiguous knowledge in prompts.

Introduces the Img-Ref-T2I dataset for evaluation.

Abstract

Current text-to-image (T2I) generation models achieve promising results, but they fail on the scenarios where the knowledge implied in the text prompt is uncertain. For example, a T2I model released in February would struggle to generate a suitable poster for a movie premiering in April, because the character designs and styles are uncertain to the model. To solve this problem, we propose an Internet-Augmented text-to-image generation (IA-T2I) framework to compel T2I models clear about such uncertain knowledge by providing them with reference images. Specifically, an active retrieval module is designed to determine whether a reference image is needed based on the given text prompt; a hierarchical image selection module is introduced to find the most suitable image returned by an image search engine to enhance the T2I model; a self-reflection mechanism is presented to continuously evaluate and refine the generated image to ensure faithful alignment with the text prompt. To evaluate the proposed framework's performance, we collect a dataset named Img-Ref-T2I, where text prompts include three types of uncertain knowledge: (1) known but rare. (2) unknown. (3) ambiguous. Moreover, we carefully craft a complex prompt to guide GPT-4o in making preference evaluation, which has been shown to have an evaluation accuracy similar to that of human preference evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, outperforming GPT-4o by about 30% in human evaluation.