The constraints on the stochastic gravitational wave background from cosmic strings by an electromagnetic resonance system

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential of electromagnetic resonance systems at GHz frequencies to detect or constrain the stochastic gravitational wave background from cosmic strings, offering a new method to probe early universe physics.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic analysis of high frequency gravitational wave response in EM resonance systems and demonstrates their sensitivity to cosmic string signals at GHz frequencies.

Findings

Sensitivity to cosmic string tension Gμ ≥ 10^{-11} at 1 GHz

Potential to set new constraints on Gμ ≤ 10^{-11} in microwave band

Complementary to existing multi-band SGWB observations

Abstract

As one of the primary detection targets for contemporary gravitational wave (GW) observatories, the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) holds significant potential for enhancing our understanding of the early universe's formation and evolution. Studies indicate that the SGWB spectrum from cosmic strings can span an extraordinarily broad frequency range, extending from extremely low frequencies up to the microwave band. This work specifically investigates the detectability of cosmic string SGWB signals in an electromagnetic (EM) resonance system at GHz frequency. We present a systematic analysis encompassing: (1) the response of high frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) in such EM resonance system. (2) the development and application of fundamental data processing protocols in the EM resonance system. Our results demonstrate that the EM system shows promising sensitivity to detect cosmic string SGWB signals with tension parameters $G\mu\geq 10^{-11}$ (the corresponding dimensionless amplitude $h \geq 10^{-33}$ at 1 GHz), while potentially establishing new constraints for $G\mu\leq 10^{-11}$ in the microwave band. These findings would complement existing multi-band SGWB observations and provide additional constraints on cosmic-string tension parameters in GHz frequency regimes.