ACPs: Agent Collaboration Protocols for the Internet of Agents

TL;DR

This paper introduces Agent Collaboration Protocols (ACPs), a comprehensive suite designed to enhance interoperability, scalability, and coordination among heterogeneous autonomous agents in the Internet of Agents.

Contribution

It presents a unified protocol suite addressing fragmentation in existing agent communication protocols, supporting trust, capability orchestration, and workflow construction.

Findings

Demonstrated effectiveness in a restaurant booking scenario

Provides architecture and key technologies for ACPs

Lays foundation for secure, scalable agent internet infrastructure

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, the proliferation of autonomous agents has introduced new challenges in interoperability, scalability, and coordination. The Internet of Agents (IoA) aims to interconnect heterogeneous agents through standardized communication protocols, enabling seamless collaboration and intelligent task execution. However, existing agent communication protocols such as MCP, A2A, and ANP remain fragmented and scenario-specific. To address this gap, we propose Agent Collaboration Protocols (ACPs), a comprehensive protocol suite for the IoA. ACPs include registration, discovery, interaction, and tooling protocols to support trustable access, capability orchestration, and workflow construction. We present the architecture, key technologies, and application workflows of ACPs, and demonstrate its effectiveness in a collaborative restaurant booking scenario. ACPs lay the foundation for building a secure, open, and scalable agent internet infrastructure.