Coupled integral equations method with open boundary conditions for calculation the characteristics of structured waveguides

TL;DR

This paper presents a modified coupled integral equations method with open boundary conditions, enabling accurate analysis of structured waveguides like CERN's accelerator components without reflection artifacts.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new implementation of open boundary conditions in the CASCIE code, improving the modeling of waveguide structures with realistic wave entry and exit.

Findings

Open boundary conditions reduce reflection artifacts in simulations.

Reflection coefficient behavior varies with frequency, indicating different reflection mechanisms.

The method enables accurate field expansion analysis for structured waveguides.

Abstract

The results of modification of the CASCIE code aimed at implementing open boundary conditions are presented. The accelerator section developed at CERN was chosen as a prototype for the structured waveguide under testing. Results of testing the CASCIE-M code confirms that the implementation of matrix open boundary conditions gives possibility to consider the structure in which waves enter and exit without additional reflections from couplers. It was shown that the dependence of the reflection coefficient on frequency differs from the similar dependence for a waveguide with couplers. It does not have a regular sequence of minimum and maximum values associated with reflections from the couplers and the formation of resonance conditions. This indicates that the reflections are of a different nature and are associated with inhomogeneity. The proposed modification of the coupled integral equation method allows us to investigate the accuracy of the field expansion on which coupled mode theory can be constructed that describes structured waveguides.