Comprehensive Constraints on ALP Couplings from future $e^+e^-$ Colliders, Muon $g-2$, Thermal Dark Matter and Higgs Measurements

TL;DR

This paper projects future constraints on ALP couplings from $e^+e^-$ colliders, muon g-2, dark matter, and Higgs measurements, highlighting their combined power to limit ALP parameter space.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analysis combining collider, muon g-2, dark matter, and Higgs data to constrain ALP couplings across a broad mass range.

Findings

Projected bounds on ALP couplings at future colliders.

Constraints from muon g-2 favoring regions.

Complementarity of different experimental bounds.

Abstract

In this article, we present projected 95% C.L. limits on Axion-Like Particle (ALP) couplings from ALP production at a future $e^+e^-$ collider operating at $\sqrt{s} = 250~\text{GeV}$ with integrated luminosity $L = 0.5~\text{ab}^{-1}$. We constrain the effective couplings $g_{\gamma\gamma}$, $g_{Z\gamma}$, $g_{ZZ}$, and $g_{WW}$ over the ALP mass range $20~\text{GeV} \leq m_a \leq 100~\text{GeV}$, finding projected bounds at the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-1})~\text{TeV}^{-1}$ for $g_{\gamma\gamma}/f_a$. We then focus on the $4\sigma$-favored region of the muon anomalous magnetic moment $\Delta a_\mu$, deriving corresponding bounds on $g_{\gamma\gamma}$ and the ALP-muon coupling $C_{\mu\mu}$, and applying them to a fermionic dark matter scenario in which the relic density depends on both $m_\chi$ and $m_a$. The same parameter space is further constrained by Higgs signal strength measurements through $h \to \gamma\gamma$ and $h \to Z\gamma$. A comparative analysis with existing experimental and theoretical bounds highlights the complementarity of $\Delta a_\mu$, dark matter, and Higgs signal strengths observables in constraining ALP couplings.