Quintessence Dark Energy from non-perturbative Higgs-Yang-Mills mass gap

TL;DR

This paper proposes that dark energy originates from a non-perturbative Higgs-Yang-Mills interaction, modeling it as a quintessence field that naturally explains observed cosmic acceleration without fine-tuning.

Contribution

It introduces a novel non-perturbative approach to dark energy using a strongly-coupled Higgs-Yang-Mills framework with exact solutions, linking gauge field dynamics to cosmic acceleration.

Findings

Dark energy modeled as a scalar field from Higgs-Yang-Mills interactions.

Agreement with cosmological data without fine-tuning.

Time scales of the scalar field and Hubble constant variation analyzed.

Abstract

We discuss the possibility that dark energy arises from a strongly-coupled Higgs-Yang-Mills set of interacting fields in the non-perturbative regime. We choose the simplest $SU(2)$ representation, which is compatible with the Cosmological Principle. One of the components of the Higgs doublet act as an effective quintessence scalar field interacting with both gravity and the gauge field. We devise a multiple time scale approach to solve the equations of motion through a hierarchy of the couplings, utilizing exact solutions in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. We observe that the time scale of variation of the Hubble constant is the slowest one, while, for the scalar field, assuming that its self-coupling is smaller than the coupling of the gauge field, represents an intermediate time scale. From the consistency of the Friedmann equations, we show how the effect of the scalar field is to give origin to dark energy with a proper equation of state corrected by a very small time-dependent term. Finally, agreement with cosmological data for the dark energy density is shown without relying on the fine-tuning of the physical constants of the model.