Beam Intensity Limitations in Future Multi-Bend Achromat Light Sources

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the fundamental beam intensity limitations in future high-brightness light sources, highlighting how space charge and intra-beam scattering constrain emittance and brightness, and proposing higher beam energy as a solution.

Contribution

It identifies the key physical limitations affecting emittance in next-generation light sources and discusses the technological challenges for overcoming these limits through increased beam energy.

Findings

Emittance of 6 GeV PETRA IV is near theoretical limits.

Beam intensity limitations are primarily due to space charge and intra-beam scattering.

Increasing beam energy is necessary for further emittance reduction.

Abstract

We show that emittance of fourth-generation 6 GeV machines such as PETRA IV is close to what is theoretically achievable due to beam intensity limitations from space charge and intra-beam scattering. Investigating these limitations, in particular their scaling with the bare lattice emittance and the beam energy, we argue that achieving further significant emittance reduction and increase in radiation brightness is only possible by increasing the beam energy. We outline the design and technological challenges on the way to such improvement.