Manifold dynamics and orbital properties in a two-dimensional galactic model

TL;DR

This study uses numerical methods to analyze how stable and unstable manifolds shape the orbital dynamics and escape behaviors in a two-dimensional galactic model, revealing the influence of manifold structures on galaxy morphology.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed numerical analysis of manifold effects on orbit evolution and escape in a galactic model, highlighting the role of stable and unstable manifolds in orbital behavior.

Findings

Stable manifolds influence future orbital characteristics.

Unstable manifolds affect past orbital dynamics.

Orbits' escape times correlate with manifold structures.

Abstract

We numerically investigate the orbital dynamics of a two-dimensional galactic model, emphasizing the influence of stable and unstable manifolds on the evolution of orbits. In our analysis we use evaluations of the system's Lagrangian descriptors to reveal the structure and location of manifolds. In addition, we perform extensive computations of the forward and backward in time evolution of ensembles of orbits, which allow us to study the future and past dynamics of the model by constructing its so-called origin-fate maps. Focusing on the properties of the escape of orbits from the central regions of the model's configuration space, we analyze various aspects of the orbits' evolutions, like the time an orbit needs to escape from the central region, the total time it spends at the exterior areas of the galaxy, as well as the number of its escapes and reentries from and to the central region. Furthermore, we follow the past and future evolution of orbits keeping track of the regions from which they leave the central parts of the galaxy, and relate different orbital behaviors with the enhancement of specific morphological features in the system's configuration space. Our results indicate that the stable (unstable) manifolds mainly influence the orbital characteristics of the model in the future (past).