Space cannot stretch too {\it fast}

TL;DR

The paper proposes that black hole microstates influence the gravitational vacuum, leading to observable effects on spacetime dynamics, potentially explaining dark energy and the Hubble tension.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism where black hole microstates affect gravitational entanglement, causing deviations from semiclassical physics during rapid space stretching.

Findings

Entanglement of Planck-scale fluctuations follows a power law decay.

Extra energy arises when space stretches faster than a certain rate.

Implications for dark energy and the Hubble tension.

Abstract

We argue that black holes microstates leave an imprint on the gravitational vacuum through their virtual fluctuations. This imprint yields a power law fall off -- rather than an exponential fall off -- for the entanglement of planck scale fluctuations at different points. These entanglements generate an extra energy when space stretches too {\it fast}, since causality prevents a relaxation of these entanglements to their vacuum values. We obtain semiclassical dynamics for slow processes like star formation, but a radical departure from semiclassicality when a black hole horizon forms even though curvatures remain low everywhere. This resolution of the information puzzle also implies an extra energy source at the scale of the cosmological horizon, which may explain the mysteries of dark energy and the Hubble tension.