Cryptologic Techniques and Associated Risks in Public and Private Security. An Italian and European Union Perspective with an Overview of the Current Legal Framework

TL;DR

This paper analyzes cryptologic techniques' evolution and associated legal and security challenges in Italy and the EU, emphasizing recent reforms, international efforts, and the balance between security and privacy in a post-quantum context.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of cryptologic methods, legal frameworks, and recent reforms in Italy and the EU, highlighting the implications for cybersecurity and human rights.

Findings

Italy's Law No. 90 of 2024 enhances cybercrime penalties

Establishment of the Italian National Cryptography Centre

International efforts like the UN draft on cybercrime

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of cryptologic techniques and their implications for public and private security, focusing on the Italian and EU legal frameworks. It explores the roles of cryptography, steganography, and quantum technologies in countering cybersecurity threats, emphasising the need for robust legislation to address emerging challenges. Special attention is given to Italy's legislative reforms, including Law No. 90 of 2024, which strengthens penalties for cybercrimes and establishes the National Cryptography Centre within the Italian National Cybersecurity Agency. Additionally, the article highlights international initiatives, such as the UN's draft convention on cybercrime, emphasising the balance between security, privacy, and fundamental human rights in a post-quantum era.