Quantum metrology of hopping strength in a one-dimensional electronic chain

TL;DR

This paper proposes a quantum metrological protocol using cavity ground states to precisely measure electron hopping strength in a one-dimensional electronic chain, with enhanced precision achievable by increasing chain size or electron current.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum metrology method leveraging cavity ground states for high-precision hopping strength measurement in electronic chains, including loss effects.

Findings

High quantum precision achievable with cavity ground states.

Increasing chain size improves measurement precision.

Electron current enhances precision in the presence of loss.

Abstract

The electron hopping between the two sites in a lattice is of fundamental importance in condensed matter physics. Precise control of the hopping strength allows for the prospect of manipulating the properties of electronic materials, such as topological properties, superconductivity, etc. In this framework, measuring the hopping strength of an electronic lattice with high precision is perhaps the most relevant step in controlling the properties of electronic materials. Here, we design a critical quantum metrological protocol to measure the hopping strength in a cavity electronic chain coupling system featuring a pseudo-superradiant phase transition. We show that the cavity ground state, which is initially a squeezed vacuum state, can be utilized as a quantum probe to achieve a high quantum precision of the hopping strength, which can be optimally saturated in either the loss or lossless case. Remarkably, in the presence of chain loss, we find that increasing the electron current in the chain is beneficial for enhancing precision, and the arbitrarily large precision could be obtained by increasing the chain size, in principle. Our results provide an effective method to measure the hopping strength in the electronic chain with high precision, so it has potential applications in critical quantum metrology, condensed matter physics, etc.