Dark Matter in Multi-Singlet Extensions of the Standard Model

TL;DR

This paper explores minimal extensions of the Standard Model with singlets and Z2 symmetries to identify viable dark matter candidates, analyzing their mass ranges and detectability prospects at current and future colliders.

Contribution

It systematically studies multi-singlet Z2-symmetric extensions of the Standard Model, revealing new viable dark matter mass windows and detection possibilities.

Findings

Single singlet models exclude DM below 4 TeV except at Higgs resonance.

Adding multiple singlets broadens the allowed DM mass range.

Future HL-LHC searches could potentially detect these dark matter candidates.

Abstract

We study the simplest extensions of the Standard Model (SM) that originate Dark Matter (DM) candidates, built with the addition of real singlets and new ${Z}_2$ symmetries under which the models are invariant. In this type of models the interactions between SM particles are not altered except for the new interactions stemming from the portal couplings that link the SM Higgs with the DM candidates. In the extension with just one singlet, DM masses below about 4 TeV are already excluded by the combination of relic density and direct detection (DD) constraints, except for the resonant case of half the Higgs mass, making them undetectable at the LHC. Adding more real singlets with independent ${Z}_2$ symmetries opens up a new mass window for one of the DM candidates and decreases the lower bound on the other. Adding more singlets with independent ${Z}_2$ symmetries will not change this picture dramatically. If instead we add new singlets all odd under the same ${Z}_2$ symmetry, the allowed mass region for the DM candidate (i.e., the lighter dark sector scalar) will span the entire mass range from half the Higgs mass to the TeV scale. In principle, such light particles could be probed at the LHC in mono-$X$ searches. Although they are still out of reach with the current LHC DM searches, there are good chances to probe the models in some final states at the High-Luminosity (HL-LHC) stage of the LHC.