Counting $D_4$ singularities in the image of a wave front

TL;DR

This paper develops a formula to count $D_4$ singularities in the image of a wave front by using stable perturbations and algebraic methods, enhancing understanding of wave front singularities.

Contribution

It introduces a new algebraic approach to count $D_4$ singularities in wave front images via stable perturbations and discriminant analysis.

Findings

Provides a formula for counting $D_4$ singularities.

Interprets the image as a discriminant of a smooth map germ.

Defines an algebra whose dimension equals the number of $D_4$ points.

Abstract

We give a formula to count the number of $D_4$ singularities in a stable frontal perturbation of a corank $2$ wave front singularity $f\colon (\mathbb{C}^3,0) \to (\mathbb{C}^4,0)$ using Mond's method of stable perturbations of map germs. For a generic germ of corank $2$ wave front $f\colon (\mathbb{C}^3,S) \to (\mathbb{C}^4,0)$, the image of a stable deformation $f_t$ of $f$ exhibits $A_k$ singularities with $k \leq 4$, their transverse intersections and the aforementioned $D_4$ singularities for $0 < |t| \ll 1$. By interpreting the image of $f_t$ as the discriminant (the image of the critical point set) of a smooth map germ $H_t\colon (\mathbb{C}^5,0) \to (\mathbb{C}^4,0)$, we define an algebra whose dimension over $\mathbb{C}$ is equal to the number of $D_4$ points in the image of $f_t$.