Ordering of Energy Levels in the Fr\"{o}hlich Model

TL;DR

This paper extends the Mattis--Lieb theorem to one-dimensional electron-phonon systems modeled by the Fröhlich Hamiltonian, showing the ground state is non-ferromagnetic without an ultraviolet cutoff.

Contribution

It provides the first extension of the Mattis--Lieb theorem to the Fröhlich model, using a novel Feynman--Kac-type formula for the heat semigroup.

Findings

Ground state energy ordering established for the Fröhlich model

Extension of non-ferromagnetic ground state result to electron-phonon systems

Development of a Feynman--Kac formula without ultraviolet cutoff

Abstract

Consider a one-dimensional system of \( N \) electrons subject to an external potential \( U \). Let \( E_{\rm el}(S) \) denote the ground state energy of the system with total spin \( S \). The Mattis--Lieb theorem asserts that, for a broad class of potentials \( U \), the inequality \( E_{\rm el}(S) < E_{\rm el}(S') \) holds whenever \( S < S' \). This result implies that the ground state of a one-dimensional many-electron system is non-ferromagnetic. In the present work, we demonstrate that the Mattis--Lieb theorem can be extended to electron-phonon interacting systems governed by the Fr\"ohlich model. Our analysis is carried out in the setting without an ultraviolet cutoff. The cornerstone of our approach is the construction of a Feynman--Kac-type formula for the heat semigroup generated by the Fr\"ohlich Hamiltonian.