AI-CDA4All: Democratizing Cooperative Autonomous Driving for All Drivers via Affordable Dash-cam Hardware and Open-source AI Software

TL;DR

This paper introduces a low-cost, open-source approach to democratize Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) using affordable dash-cams and edge AI, enabling scalable, infrastructure-oriented vehicle communication and safety improvements.

Contribution

It presents a novel, cost-effective CDA system leveraging off-the-shelf hardware and open-source software, compatible with existing standards and capable of integrating generative AI locally.

Findings

Feasibility of using LTE and WiFi for lightweight V2X communication.

Demonstrated local deployment of edge LLMs enhances driving experience.

Potential for scalable, inclusive transportation infrastructure.

Abstract

As transportation technology advances, the demand for connected vehicle infrastructure has greatly increased to improve their efficiency and safety. One area of advancement, Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) still relies on expensive autonomy sensors or connectivity units and are not interoperable across existing market car makes/models, limiting its scalability on public roads. To fill these gaps, this paper presents a novel approach to democratizing CDA technology, it leverages low-cost, commercially available edge devices such as vehicle dash-cams and open-source software to make the technology accessible and scalable to be used in transportation infrastructure and broader public domains. This study also investigates the feasibility of utilizing cost-effective communication protocols based on LTE and WiFi. These technologies enable lightweight Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, facilitating real-time data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure. Our research and development efforts are aligned with industrial standards to ensure compatibility and future integration into existing transportation ecosystems. By prioritizing infrastructure-oriented applications, such as improved traffic flow management, this approach seeks to deliver tangible societal benefits without directly competing with vehicle OEMs. As recent advancement of Generative AI (GenAI), there is no standardized integration of GenAI technologies into open-source CDAs, as the current trends of muiltimodal large language models gain popularity, we demonstrated a feasible locally deployed edge LLM models can enhance driving experience while preserving privacy and security compared to cloud-connected solutions. The proposed system underscores the potential of low-cost, scalable solutions in advancing CDA functionality, paving the way for smarter, safer, and more inclusive transportation networks.