Probing Weak-Force Corrections to Black Hole Geometry via Long Range Potentials: Feinberg-Sucher and Ferrer-Nowakowski Potentials

TL;DR

This paper investigates how exotic long-range quantum forces modify black hole metrics, affecting gravitational lensing and shadow size, with potential implications for astrophysical observations.

Contribution

It introduces specific quantum field theory models for long-range forces and analyzes their effects on black hole geometry and observable phenomena.

Findings

Attractive potentials increase photon sphere and shadow size.

Repulsive potentials cause gravitational screening, reducing lensing effects.

Quantum corrections produce measurable deviations from classical black hole predictions.

Abstract

We consider corrections to the Schwarzschild black hole metric arising from exotic long-range forces within quantum field theory frameworks. Specifically, we analyze two models: the Feinberg-Sucher potential for massless neutrinos and Ferrer-Nowakowski potentials for boson-mediated interactions at finite temperatures, yielding metric corrections with $r^{-5}$ and $r^{-3}$ dependencies. Using analytic expansions around the Schwarzschild photon sphere, we find that attractive potential corrections enhance gravitational lensing, enlarging the photon sphere and shadow radius, while repulsive potential corrections induce gravitational screening, reducing these observables. Our results clearly illustrate how different quantum-derived corrections can produce measurable deviations from standard Schwarzschild predictions, providing robust theoretical benchmarks for future astrophysical observations.