Surface bubble lifetime in the presence of a turbulent air flow, and the effect of surface layer renewal

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates how surface bubbles in ocean-like conditions persist and burst, considering surfactants, salts, and turbulence, revealing the roles of evaporation, impurities, and surface renewal.

Contribution

It provides a detailed experimental analysis of bubble lifetime mechanisms, highlighting the importance of surface layer renewal and the effects of salts and impurities on bubble stability.

Findings

Bubble lifetime is controlled by evaporation in salt-free solutions.

Impurities cause a broad distribution of bubble lifetimes.

Surface renewal is essential to maintain consistent interface properties.

Abstract

Surface bubbles in the ocean are critical in moderating several fluxes between the atmosphere and the ocean. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the drainage and lifetime of surface bubbles in solutions containing surfactants and salts, subjected to turbulence in the air surrounding them modelling the wind above the ocean. We carefully construct a setup allowing us to repeatably measure the mean lifetime of a series of surface bubbles, while varying the solution and the wind speed or humidity of the air. To that end, we show that renewing the surface layer is critical to avoid a change of the physical properties of the interface. We show that the drainage of the bubbles is well modelled by taking into account the outwards viscous flow and convective evaporation. The mean lifetime of surface bubbles in solutions containing no salt is controlled by evaporation and independent on surfactant concentration. When salt is added, the same scaling is valid only at high surfactant concentrations. At low concentrations, the lifetime is always smaller and independent of wind speed, owing to the presence of impurities triggering a thick bursting event. When the mean lifetime is controlled by evaporation, the probability density of lifetime is very narrow around its mean, while when impurities are present, a broad distribution is observed.