Antinuclei from Primordial Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper investigates how primordial black holes could produce antinuclei detectable as cosmic rays, using advanced models and data to constrain their abundance and explore future detection prospects.

Contribution

It provides updated constraints on primordial black hole density from antiproton data and introduces improved models for antideuteron production and propagation.

Findings

AMS-02 antiproton data strongly constrains PBH density.

Predicted antideuteron fluxes could indicate new physics beyond PBH evaporation.

Future antideuteron detection could reveal signals of new phenomena.

Abstract

Light primordial black holes (PBHs) may have originated in the early Universe, and could contribute to the dark matter in the Universe. Their Hawking evaporation into particles could eventually lead to the production of antinuclei, which propagate and arrive at Earth as cosmic rays with a flux peaked at GeV energies. We revisit here the antiproton and antideuteron signatures from PBH evaporation, relying on a lognormal PBH mass distribution, state-of-the-art propagation models, and an improved coalescence model for fusion into antideuterons. Our predictions are then compared with AMS-02 data on the antiproton flux. We find that the AMS-02 antiproton data severely constrain the Galactic PBH density, setting bounds that depend significantly on the parameters of the lognormal mass distribution, and that are comparable to or slightly stronger than bounds set from diverse messengers. We also discuss prospects for future detection of antideuterons. Given the bounds from AMS-02 antiproton data, we predict that if antideuterons were to be measured by AMS-02 or GAPS, since the secondary contribution is subdominant, they would clearly be a signal of new physics, only part of which could, however, be explained by PBH evaporation.