PrimitiveAnything: Human-Crafted 3D Primitive Assembly Generation with Auto-Regressive Transformer

TL;DR

PrimitiveAnything is a novel auto-regressive transformer framework that learns to generate human-like 3D primitive assemblies from large-scale data, improving shape abstraction and generalization across diverse categories.

Contribution

It reformulates shape primitive abstraction as an assembly generation task using a shape-conditioned transformer and a unified primitive parameterization scheme, enabling better generalization and human-aligned decomposition.

Findings

Generates high-quality primitive assemblies aligned with human perception

Maintains geometric fidelity across diverse shape categories

Enables applications in 3D content creation and user-generated content

Abstract

Shape primitive abstraction, which decomposes complex 3D shapes into simple geometric elements, plays a crucial role in human visual cognition and has broad applications in computer vision and graphics. While recent advances in 3D content generation have shown remarkable progress, existing primitive abstraction methods either rely on geometric optimization with limited semantic understanding or learn from small-scale, category-specific datasets, struggling to generalize across diverse shape categories. We present PrimitiveAnything, a novel framework that reformulates shape primitive abstraction as a primitive assembly generation task. PrimitiveAnything includes a shape-conditioned primitive transformer for auto-regressive generation and an ambiguity-free parameterization scheme to represent multiple types of primitives in a unified manner. The proposed framework directly learns the process of primitive assembly from large-scale human-crafted abstractions, enabling it to capture how humans decompose complex shapes into primitive elements. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that PrimitiveAnything can generate high-quality primitive assemblies that better align with human perception while maintaining geometric fidelity across diverse shape categories. It benefits various 3D applications and shows potential for enabling primitive-based user-generated content (UGC) in games. Project page: https://primitiveanything.github.io