Cosmic strings and domain walls of the QCD quark condensate with and without a hidden axion

TL;DR

This paper explores the formation and properties of cosmic strings and domain walls arising from the QCD quark condensate, with and without a hidden axion, highlighting their astrophysical and cosmological implications.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of string-wall systems in pure QCD and analyzes their potential dominance in early cosmology even with a hidden axion.

Findings

Existence of QCD string-wall systems independent of axion presence

Winding of the quark condensate affects fermionic zero modes

String-wall systems can dominate early universe cosmology

Abstract

The chiral quark condensate of QCD, which spontaneously breaks the anomalous axial symmetry, gives rise to axionic type global string-wall systems. If a Peccei-Quinn type axion exists in the theory, the axionic strings are in general accompanied by winding of the QCD quark condensate. Depending on the axion model the winding can proceed either in the $\eta'$ or in the pion direction. This determines the structure of fermionic zero modes and the anomaly inflow which has important astrophysical consequences. We point out that $\eta'$ and pion string-wall systems exist in pure QCD, independently of the hidden axion. Strikingly, even if a hidden axion exists, the early cosmology can be entirely dominated by string-wall systems formed by the QCD quark condensate. We also discuss their role in the QCD phase transition and in heavy-ion physics.