Overcoming Obstacles: Challenges of Gender Inequality in Undergraduate ICT Programs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the perceptions of female undergraduate ICT students in Brazil, revealing how gender stereotypes and discrimination negatively impact their participation, confidence, and retention in ICT programs.

Contribution

It provides new insights into women students' perceptions and identifies specific social and institutional barriers affecting their engagement in ICT education.

Findings

Discriminatory practices from peers and professors affect women students.

Gender stereotypes undermine self-confidence and lead to course dropout.

Factors like lack of representation and isolation reduce participation.

Abstract

Context: Gender inequality is a widely discussed issue across various sectors, including Information Technology and Communication (ICT). In Brazil, women represent less than 18% of ICT students in higher education. Prior studies highlight gender-related barriers that discourage women from staying in ICT. However, they provide limited insights into their perceptions as undergraduate students and the factors influencing their participation and confidence. Goal: This study explores the perceptions of women undergraduate students in ICT regarding gender inequality. Method: A survey of 402 women from 18 Brazilian states enrolled in ICT courses was conducted using a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results: Women students reported experiencing discriminatory practices from peers and professors, both inside and outside the classroom. Gender stereotypes were found to undermine their self-confidence and self-esteem, occasionally leading to course discontinuation. Conclusions: Factors such as lack of representation, inappropriate jokes, isolation, mistrust, and difficulty being heard contribute to harmful outcomes, including reduced participation and reluctance to take leadership roles. Addressing these issues is essential to creating a safe and respectful learning environment for all students.