Merging plasmoids and nanojet-like ejections in a coronal current sheet

TL;DR

This study uses advanced simulations to explore how impulsive perturbations in solar coronal current sheets trigger plasmoid formation, coalescence, and nanojet-like ejections, revealing complex magnetic and thermodynamic evolution.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the dynamics of plasmoid coalescence and nanojet formation during magnetic reconnection in the solar corona through detailed resistive MHD simulations.

Findings

Impulsive perturbations trigger plasmoid formation and coalescence.

Nanojet-like outflows are produced during plasmoid merging.

Thermodynamic evolution involves Ohmic heating and thermal conduction.

Abstract

Forced magnetic reconnection is triggered by external perturbations, which are ubiquitous in the solar corona. This process plays a crucial role in the energy release during solar transient events, which are often associated with electric current sheets (CSs). The CSs can often disintegrate through the development of the tearing instability, which may lead to the formation of plasmoids in the non-linear phase of evolution. However, the complexity of the dynamics, and the magnetic and thermodynamic evolution due to the coalescence of the plasmoids are not fully understood. We used a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a 2.5D current layer embedded in a stratified medium in the solar corona, incorporating field-aligned thermal conduction. Multiple levels of adaptive mesh-refined grids are used to resolve the fine structures that result during the evolution of the system. The instability in the CS is triggered by imposing impulsive velocity perturbations concentrated at three different locations in the upper half along the CS plane; this leads to the formation of plasmoids and their later coalescence. We demonstrate that a transition from purely 2D reconnection to 2D reconnection with guide field takes place at the interface between the plasmoids as the latter evolve from the pre-merger to the merged state. The small-scale, short-lived, and collimated outflows during the merging process share various physical properties with the recently discovered nanojets. The subsequent thermodynamic change within and outside the merged plasmoid region is governed by the combined effect of Ohmic heating, thermal conduction, and expansion/contraction of the plasma. Our results imply that impulsive perturbations in coronal CSs can be the triggering agents for plasmoid coalescence, which leads to the subsequent magnetic, and thermodynamic change in and around the CS.