R-Bench: Graduate-level Multi-disciplinary Benchmarks for LLM & MLLM Complex Reasoning Evaluation

TL;DR

R-Bench is a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate the complex reasoning capabilities of language and multimodal models across multiple subjects and languages, highlighting current models' limitations.

Contribution

The paper introduces R-Bench, a novel graduate-level, multi-disciplinary, bilingual benchmark for assessing complex reasoning in language and multimodal models, with extensive curated questions and cross-linguistic alignment.

Findings

Advanced models perform poorly on complex reasoning tasks.

Top models achieve only around 53% accuracy on multimodal reasoning.

The benchmark reveals significant gaps in current models' reasoning abilities.

Abstract

Reasoning stands as a cornerstone of intelligence, enabling the synthesis of existing knowledge to solve complex problems. Despite remarkable progress, existing reasoning benchmarks often fail to rigorously evaluate the nuanced reasoning capabilities required for complex, real-world problemsolving, particularly in multi-disciplinary and multimodal contexts. In this paper, we introduce a graduate-level, multi-disciplinary, EnglishChinese benchmark, dubbed as Reasoning Bench (R-Bench), for assessing the reasoning capability of both language and multimodal models. RBench spans 1,094 questions across 108 subjects for language model evaluation and 665 questions across 83 subjects for multimodal model testing in both English and Chinese. These questions are meticulously curated to ensure rigorous difficulty calibration, subject balance, and crosslinguistic alignment, enabling the assessment to be an Olympiad-level multi-disciplinary benchmark. We evaluate widely used models, including OpenAI o1, GPT-4o, DeepSeek-R1, etc. Experimental results indicate that advanced models perform poorly on complex reasoning, especially multimodal reasoning. Even the top-performing model OpenAI o1 achieves only 53.2% accuracy on our multimodal evaluation. Data and code are made publicly available at here.