Strain-Balanced Low-Temperature-Grown Beryllium-Doped InGaAs/InAlAs Superlattices for High-Performance Terahertz Photoconductors under 1550 nm Laser Excitation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that low-temperature-grown Be-doped InGaAs/InAlAs strain-balanced superlattices exhibit ultrafast carrier dynamics, high mobility, and improved optical absorption, making them promising for high-performance THz photoconductors at 1550 nm.

Contribution

It introduces a novel strain-balanced superlattice growth method with precise control, revealing enhanced photoconductive properties and carrier dynamics for THz applications.

Findings

Subpicosecond carrier lifetimes confirmed ultrafast recombination.

Enhanced carrier mobility due to reduced effective masses.

Improved optical absorption at 1550 nm with theoretical support.

Abstract

This study systematically investigates the photoconductive properties of low-temperature-grown Beryllium (Be)-doped InGaAs/InAlAs strain-balanced superlattices (SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy under stationary growth conditions on semi-insulating InP:Fe substrates. The stationary growth approach enabled precise control over lateral gradients in layer strain, composition, and thickness across a single wafer, while strain-balancing facilitated pseudomorphic growth to explore a wide range of structural parameters, providing a robust platform to study their influence on photoconductive performance. Structural characterization confirmed high crystalline quality and smooth surface morphology in all samples. Time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy revealed subpicosecond carrier lifetimes, validating the effectiveness of strain balancing and Be doping in tuning ultrafast recombination dynamics. Hall effect measurements supported by 8-band k.p modeling revealed enhanced carrier mobility in strain-balanced SLs compared to lattice-matched structures, primarily due to reduced electron and hole effective masses and stronger quantum confinement. Additionally, optical absorption under 1550 nm excitation showed improved absorption coefficients for the strain-balanced structure, consistent with the reduction in bandgap energy predicted by theoretical modeling, thereby enhancing photon-to-carrier conversion efficiency. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy provided first-time evidence of significant Be-induced interdiffusion at the strained SL interfaces, an important factor influencing carrier transport and dynamics. These findings position low-temperature-grown Be-doped InGaAs/InAlAs strain-balanced SLs as promising materials for high-performance broadband THz photoconductive detectors operating at telecom-compatible wavelengths.