Guidelines for designs for ultrastable laser with $\mathbf{10^{-17}}$ fractional frequency instability

TL;DR

This paper provides technical guidelines for designing ultrastable lasers with fractional frequency instability around 10^{-17}, aiming to assist researchers and guide future advancements in the field.

Contribution

It offers comprehensive design guidelines and an outlook for next-generation ultrastable lasers, based on collaborative research and the EMPIR project.

Findings

Guidelines for achieving 10^{-17} fractional frequency instability

Analysis of current ultrastable laser technologies

Future prospects for ultrastable laser development

Abstract

Lasers with long coherence time and narrow linewidth are an essential tool for quantum sensors and clocks. Ultrastable cavities and laser systems are now commercially available with fractional frequency instabilities in the mid $10^{-16}$ range. This document aims to provide technical guidance for researchers starting in the field of ultrastable lasers and to give an outlook toward the next generation of improved ultrastable lasers. These guidelines have arisen from the scope of the EMPIR project ``Next generation ultrastable lasers'' ( https://www.ptb.de/empir2021/nextlasers ) with contributions from the European project partners.