High-precision measurement of microwave electric field by cavity-enhanced critical behavior in a many-body Rydberg atomic system

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that cavity-enhanced critical behavior in a Rydberg atomic system significantly improves the precision of microwave electric field measurements, achieving an order of magnitude better sensitivity than free-space methods.

Contribution

It introduces a method to enhance microwave electric field measurement sensitivity using cavity-induced criticality in a Rydberg atomic system, surpassing previous free-space techniques.

Findings

Measurement sensitivity improved by an order of magnitude.

Achieved sensitivity of 2.6 nV/cm/Hz$^{1/2}$.

Validated cavity-enhanced critical behavior for precision sensing.

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that the Rydberg criticality in a many-body atomic system can enhance the measurement sensitivity of the microwave electric field by increasing the Fisher information. In our previous work, we proposed and experimentally verified that the Fisher information near the critical point can be increased by more than two orders of magnitude with the Rydberg atoms coupled with an optical cavity compared with that in free space. Here we demonstrate the precision measurement of the microwave electric field by cavity-enhanced critical behavior. We show that the equivalent measurement sensitivity of the microwave electric field can be enhanced by an order of magnitude compared with that in free space. The obtained sensitivity can be enhanced to 2.6 nV/cm/Hz$^{1/2}$.