Less or More: Towards Glanceable Explanations for LLM Recommendations Using Ultra-Small Devices

TL;DR

This paper investigates how to create glanceable, structured explanations for LLM recommendations on ultra-small devices like smartwatches, aiming to improve user understanding and acceptance while reducing cognitive load.

Contribution

It introduces spatially structured and temporally adaptive explanation techniques for LLMs tailored to ultra-small devices, supported by a user study evaluating their effectiveness.

Findings

Structured explanations reduce time to action and cognitive load.

Always-on structured explanations increase recommendation acceptance.

Structured explanations are less satisfying due to lack of detail.

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in recommending everyday actions as personal AI assistants, while Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are being increasingly utilized to help users understand why a recommendation is given. Personal AI assistants today are often located on ultra-small devices such as smartwatches, which have limited screen space. The verbosity of LLM-generated explanations, however, makes it challenging to deliver glanceable LLM explanations on such ultra-small devices. To address this, we explored 1) spatially structuring an LLM's explanation text using defined contextual components during prompting and 2) presenting temporally adaptive explanations to users based on confidence levels. We conducted a user study to understand how these approaches impacted user experiences when interacting with LLM recommendations and explanations on ultra-small devices. The results showed that structured explanations reduced users' time to action and cognitive load when reading an explanation. Always-on structured explanations increased users' acceptance of AI recommendations. However, users were less satisfied with structured explanations compared to unstructured ones due to their lack of sufficient, readable details. Additionally, adaptively presenting structured explanations was less effective at improving user perceptions of the AI compared to the always-on structured explanations. Together with users' interview feedback, the results led to design implications to be mindful of when personalizing the content and timing of LLM explanations that are displayed on ultra-small devices.