Probing a low-mass $Z^{\prime}$ gauge boson at IceCube and prospects for IceCube-Gen2

TL;DR

This paper explores how IceCube and IceCube-Gen2 can detect or constrain a new gauge boson predicted by the $L_ - L_ au$ model, which affects astrophysical neutrino fluxes and can be probed through neutrino interactions.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed sensitivity analysis of IceCube and IceCube-Gen2 to the $Z'$ gauge boson in the $L_ - L_ au$ model, considering various astrophysical assumptions.

Findings

Current IceCube data can probe $Z'$ masses of a few MeV.

IceCube-Gen2 will significantly expand the detectable parameter space.

Sensitivity depends on the assumed distribution of astrophysical neutrino sources.

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the impact of the $L_\mu - L_\tau$ model, which predicts a new massive gauge boson, $Z'$, on astrophysical neutrino events at the IceCube Observatory. This new gauge boson couples with leptons from the second and third families, and would break the power law of the astrophysical neutrino flux due to the interaction of this flux with the cosmic neutrino background. We derive the sensitivity of the IceCube to this model considering the HESE data from 12 years of observation by assuming different assumptions for the redshift distributions of astrophysical neutrino sources, mass ordering, and sum of neutrino masses. Our results indicate that the current IceCube data is able to probe small coupling and masses of the order of some few MeV, with the covered parameter space being larger if a distribution of neutrino sources is described by the star formation rate model. In addition, we demonstrate that the IceCube-Gen2 will cover a large region of the parameter space and will allow us to improve our understanding of the $L_\mu - L_\tau$ model.