Tunable Kernel-Nulling interferometry for direct exoplanet detection

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Kernel-Nuller architecture with integrated optical components and electronic phase control to improve direct exoplanet detection via nulling interferometry, addressing phase aberration sensitivities.

Contribution

It presents a novel four-telescope nulling interferometer design with integrated phase shifters and an optimization algorithm for enhanced exoplanet detection performance.

Findings

Successful development of an algorithm for delay optimization.

Analysis of intensity distributions at the Kernel-Nuller output.

Application of statistical tests for exoplanet signature detection.

Abstract

Nulling interferometry is a promising technique for direct detection of exoplanets. However, the performance of current devices is limited by different perturbations sources and especially by its sensitivity to any phase aberrations. The work presented here attempts to overcome those limitations by using a four-telescopes nulling interferometer architecture, called Kernel-Nuller, which includes a recombiner that positions the four signals in phase quadrature. This architecture is based on an integrated optical component containing 14 electronically controlled phase shifters, used to correct optical path differences that would be induced by manufacturing defects. The first part of the study consists in the development of an algorithm providing the delays to be injected into the component to optimize the performance of that device. The next step of this study deals with the analysis of the intensity distributions produced at the output of the Kernel-Nuller through a series of observations. Then we apply statistical tests and data treatment techniques to detect the signature of an exoplanets.