A hybrid model for multi-particle production and multi-fragment emission in electron-nucleus collisions at the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider

TL;DR

This paper proposes a hybrid statistical model combining multi-source thermal and ideal gas models to predict multi-particle and multi-fragment emissions in electron-nucleus collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider, capturing bulk properties of these processes.

Contribution

It introduces a novel hybrid model that integrates different statistical laws to describe particle and fragment production in $eA$ collisions, distinguishing sources in scattering and fragmentation processes.

Findings

The model successfully describes bulk properties of particle production.

It differentiates sources in scattering and fragmentation processes.

Provides predictions for multi-particle and multi-fragment emissions at EIC.

Abstract

To present a prediction of the multi-particle production and multi-fragment emission in electron-nucleus ($eA$) collisions at the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a simple hybrid model which is based on the multi-source thermal model and the ideal gas model is proposed in this article. According to the hybrid model, some statistical laws such as the two-component Erlang distribution and others are presented, which means a two-source production. These statistical laws are hopeful to describe the bulk properties of multiple particles produced in the scattering of electron-nucleon ($eN$) and multiple fragments emitted in the fragmentation of excited residual nucleus. Although both the scattering and fragmentation can occur in $eA$ collisions at the EIC, their two-sources are different. In $eN$ scattering, the multiple particles come from the soft excitation and hard scattering processes respectively, which are classified as two different types of events. In nuclear fragmentation, the multiple fragments come from the cold and hot sources which exist in the same excited nucleus.