OGLE-2002-BLG-360: a dusty anomaly among red nova remnants

TL;DR

This study models the dusty environment of the red nova OGLE-2002-BLG-360, revealing a spherical dust shell structure with specific composition and origin, providing insights into post-merger evolution and dust formation.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed radiative transfer model of OGLE-2002-BLG-360's dust environment, identifying its structure, composition, and origin, and comparing it with other red novae.

Findings

The SED is best fit by a spherical model with an M-type supergiant and two dust shells.

Dust is composed mainly of iron grains, olivine silicates, and alumina.

The inner shell likely results from merger ejecta, while the outer shell predates the merger.

Abstract

OGLE-2002-BLG-360 is an example of a Galactic red nova, the aftermath of a non-compact stellar merger. The dusty nature of the circumstellar environment makes observations of this particular source difficult, meaning the properties of the central star and its surrounding environment are poorly understood. We aim to establish the parameters of the merger remnant, as well as of the dusty environment and its structure. We attempt to establish similarities with other Galactic red novae and try to understand how such an environment has been formed. We use optical, infrared, and sub-millimetre observations to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) between 2 um and 1.27 mm for an epoch 15-21 years after the red nova eruption. We use the RADMC-3D radiative transfer code to model the SED and retrieve the physical properties of both the central star and the surrounding dust. We show that the SED is best replicated by a spherically symmetric model consisting of an M-type supergiant surrounded by 0.012 Msun of dust concentrated within two spherical shells. The dust extends out to a maximum distance of 9500 AU from the central source, whilst the inner shell extends out to 1000 AU. The dust composition is dominated by iron grains (58%), but also contains olivine silicates (25%) and alumina dust (17%), which are both required to reproduce the profile of the observed 10 um absorption feature. The inner shell likely originates from merger and post-merger ejecta, whilst the outer shell consists of material lost much earlier, before the merger event occurred. Evolution of the SED indicates continued dust formation within the expanding inner shell, which may be analogous to winds of red supergiants. The object is extremely dusty compared to other red nova remnants.