Rapid Parameter Inference with Uncertainty Quantification for a Radiological Plume Source Identification Problem

TL;DR

This paper introduces neural network methods, including Bayesian neural networks, for rapid and uncertainty-aware localization of radiological sources after a nuclear event, offering computational efficiency over traditional MCMC techniques.

Contribution

It presents a novel application of neural networks for source inference with uncertainty quantification, comparing categorical and Bayesian approaches to traditional MCMC methods.

Findings

Bayesian neural networks provide accurate posterior densities for source parameters.

Neural network methods are significantly faster than MCMC for this problem.

Uncertainty quantification improves the reliability of source localization.

Abstract

In the event of a nuclear accident, or the detonation of a radiological dispersal device, quickly locating the source of the accident or blast is important for emergency response and environmental decontamination. At a specified time after a simulated instantaneous release of an aerosolized radioactive contaminant, measurements are recorded downwind from an array of radiation sensors. Neural networks are employed to infer the source release parameters in an accurate and rapid manner using sensor and mean wind speed data. We consider two neural network constructions that quantify the uncertainty of the predicted values; a categorical classification neural network and a Bayesian neural network. With the categorical classification neural network, we partition the spatial domain and treat each partition as a separate class for which we estimate the probability that it contains the true source location. In a Bayesian neural network, the weights and biases have a distribution rather than a single optimal value. With each evaluation, these distributions are sampled, yielding a different prediction with each evaluation. The trained Bayesian neural network is thus evaluated to construct posterior densities for the release parameters. Results are compared to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) results found using the Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis Algorithm. The Bayesian neural network approach is generally much cheaper computationally than the MCMC approach as it relies on the computational cost of the neural network evaluation to generate posterior densities as opposed to the MCMC approach which depends on the computational expense of the transport and radiation detection models.