Stochastic description of UHECR interactions

TL;DR

This paper introduces an analytical stochastic model based on matrix exponential distributions to describe UHECR interactions, offering improved precision and efficiency over traditional Monte Carlo methods, and explores its application in source localization.

Contribution

The work develops an analytical approach to model UHECR cascade distributions, reducing computational costs and enabling continuous composition evolution modeling from source to extragalactic space.

Findings

Analytical model matches Monte Carlo results with higher precision

Significantly reduces computational time for cascade simulations

Demonstrates potential for source localization using reconstructed UHECR origins

Abstract

Photointeractions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in astro-physical scenarios are in general of stochastic nature and are often modeled with Monte Carlo methods to obtain the form of the distributions resulting from a sequence of interactions. These distributions are non trivial because the products resulting from each interaction as well as the number and distances covered by the secondary nuclear species are all random. In this work, a stochastic approach based on the theory of matrix exponential distributions is employed to describe the cascade distributions analytically and illustrate their potential for tracing the individual history of UHECRs, including inside the source. This analytic description has the advantage of better precision and considerably reduced computational cost in contrast to Monte Carlo codes, while requiring the same inputs: the interaction rates, the multiplicity, and the energy distributions of secondaries from a single interaction. The description of the composition evolution from in-source to extragalactic propagation (currently performed in separate simulations in the literature) is achieved here as a continuous distribution, using a gamma-ray burst scenario inspired by the event GRB170817A. Finally, the potential for locating a source based on the reconstructed UHECR origin employing this description is discussed under simplified general assumptions.